Posted by
"Happy" Jake Greene on Tuesday, March 24, 2009 12:48:10 PM
Evil is a topic that is not well understood in this modern, secularist, humanist age. The actual definition of the word evil is, by itself, a difficult one to articulate succinctly. What it encompasses becomes cloudy.
In the era before the Age of “Reason” – when the secular-humanist movement gained ground and purported to expose the irrationality of religion – evil was much better understood by the populace, because an understanding of “that which goes against God” was all that was necessary to define evil. But that definition falls on deaf ears when the populace regards God as either an imaginary construct of unreasonable people to add comfort to their otherwise depressing lives, or an aloof, uncaring, or otherwise uninvolved creator who remains unaffected by the acts of men and admits all but the truly vile into heaven.
Evil is defined as being of a morally wrong or bad quality, or of being injurious or harmful. It can also be associated with general misfortune – as an “evil wind” – or even with simple anger or irritability – as an “evil” temper. The definition including moral wrongness is the closest, but, as I said, to the humanist, nothing a person does is morally wrong unless they believe it to be so.
More than simply definition, application of the word evil is poorly understood. Too often a person is described as evil without an understanding of what it means, or a thing is described as evil, which is impossible.
The simplest way to define evil is to start by how and where it can be applied. (Keep in mind, I am neither a philosopher nor a theologian, I am simply an observer. Most of what I write comes from elsewhere.) First and foremost for evil to be committed, an act of the will is required. This doesn’t have to be court-provable intent, and the person need not regard the act as an evil one, but it must be willful. Animals, lacking the ability to make moral judgments, cannot commit an act of evil. Animals act in response to their surroundings without considering the moral implications of their acts. Inanimate objects, which have no will or intellect also cannot commit evil acts. This rules out natural phenomena (the 2004 tsunami, for example), and individual objects like handguns, cigarettes, alcohol, and money. Inanimate objects and forces cannot be evil, and neither can animals.
Humans, on the other hand, can be evil and, in general, are. That is human nature. Left to ourselves, without any moral compass to guide us, we are violent, hedonistic, lazy brutes who act solely for our own preservation and pleasure. There have been only two humans to walk the earth without committing evil, Jesus, Himself, and Mary, the Mother of God. On the other hand, making a blanket statement that all humans, save the two I mentioned, are inherently evil falls, to my understanding, into the category of “judge not lest ye be judged.” So I will caveat it by saying not so much that all humans are evil, but that all humans are capable of evil acts, and the vast majority have committed them in the past. In my mind, a distinction needs to be made between an evil person and a person who has committed evil acts.
The big differentiator is repentance. A “good” person knows he has done evil things, is truly remorseful, and repents, repairing the damage done (if any) as far as possible. An “evil” person either (a) knows what he has done is evil and does not care or (b) is so twisted in his morality to believe that his evil act is actually a good act. In either case, he does not believe he has the need to repent. This lack of a need to repent allows that person to continue to commit greater and greater evils without what is commonly referred to as a guilty conscience. Adolph Hitler, Osama bin Laden, and John Allen Muhammad all committed acts of great evil, and none has, as yet, repented of those evil acts. That makes them obviously evil people. They aren’t the only ones, to be sure, but they are obvious examples.
Apart from evil people, actions can be evil. The vast majority of evil committed in this world is not by unrepentant evil people, but by otherwise “decent” people who fall. Everybody falls, and we must never forget that, particularly about ourselves. There are a whole host of evil acts, which religious people call “sins,” so listing them here would be a futile effort. The most important thing to remember about evil acts is that they do not necessarily have to bring about direct harm to another person or thing. Privately renouncing belief in God is an evil act, even though no one we can see is directly hurt by the act. The humanist’s mantra of “if it doesn’t hurt anyone else, it’s OK” fails here. It also fails because some harm is neither obvious nor immediate. It may appear, for example, that homosexual acts are not inherently harmful, and, thus, morally neutral, but the harm that they cause is not obviously apparent, nor is it necessarily immediate. AIDS, however, is evidence of what harm homosexual sex can do.
Another point of contention about evil is what acts constitute the “most evil” acts that could be committed. The humanist usually believes that the murder of a fully developed human being is the highest degree of evil a person could commit. By extension, genocide, the mass murder of a defined group (race, nationality, ethnicity, religion, political leanings, etc.) is unspeakably horrific. But, murder, as bad as it is, is still not adequately depraved to be considered the worst evil. Dante Alighieri, in his Inferno, puts betrayal as far worse than murder. In fact, in Inferno, murderers occupy the outer ring of the 7th circle (or level, if you will) of Hell, while those who betray their kin, countries, guests, or masters and benefactors (in that order) end up in the 9th. More importantly, fraud, sorcery, simony (the selling of church favors and positions), barratry (like Rod Blagojevich), sewing discord, suicide, blasphemy, and sodomy are all punished more severely than murder.
I must disagree with both the humanists and Dante. I, personally, find the worst possible sin to be scandal, the leading of another into evil. A single murder can be (and frequently is) performed by one person. Even serial killers usually act alone. But genocide cannot be committed by one man. No one individual has ever killed over 1,000 people by his own hand without help. That help comes from the recruitment of others into an evil act. Recruitment into evil harms not only your own soul, but the souls of those you recruit. And, again, tangible harm is not the only standard that describes evil. The gay privileges lobby recruiting believers in same-sex “marriage” is an act of great evil. The same goes for those politicians and activists who support abortion. It’s probable that many of the politicians who vote against abortion restrictions have never experienced abortion, but they champion it as morally neutral, or even, in the case of extremists, a moral good. As such, they are, collectively, responsible for the 41 million abortions performed in America since 1973.
This leads me to another point about evil that is wildly misunderstood. There is great confusion – some intentional, some not – about what, exactly, is an evil act. First and foremost, passivity toward evil – that is simply remaining silent about an evil act, or “I don’t want to get involved” syndrome – is itself an evil act. It goes to the deadly sin of sloth, because we are supposed to prevent evil. Bigotry, prejudice, and discrimination are all evil acts, but so is the “tolerance” of sinful behavior. It is wrong to judge another person as evil because we have enough evil in our own hearts. By the same token, it is wrong not to speak out against evil acts, like homosexuality or abortion. Homicide – the killing of another human being – is not necessarily an evil act. Yes, you read that correctly. Certainly, killing someone for gain is evil, as is killing out of rage or vengeance. But the state killing a murderer according to its own laws, which laws are applied and followed equally for all people in that society is inherently neutral, neither a particular good nor a particular evil. The same is true for an individual killing in the defense of himself, his family, those under his care (Like a teacher shooting back at someone shooting up a school) or his country. A soldier fighting in a war and shooting enemy soldiers who are trying to shoot him has not committed an evil act. Sexual acts outside the bounds of marriage, particularly if adultery is involved, are evil. This includes, but is not limited to homosexual activities. Blasphemy, is, of course, evil, as is committing evil acts in the name of God. But calling on people to reject sin and embrace Christ is not. The expectation of a day’s pay for a day’s work is not evil, even if the day’s pay is very high. Disloyalty is, of course, evil, as is wishing ill on someone else (a political opponent, for example.) Lying, particularly under oath or from a position of public trust, is evil, though the degree of evil varies by the effect of the lie. Lying under oath is a far greater sin than lying about whether your wife looks fat in that dress. Presumption – the belief that you either do not need or do not deserve God’s forgiveness – is also evil, and probably the evil that is most common in the human condition today. It’s among the worst because if you never repent your presumptiveness you will never feel the need to repent anything else. With that, your sins will not be forgiven, and you’ll receive an unpleasant surprise when you meet St. Peter. I could go on, but I only have so much time.
The Christian faith has a pretty good handle on evil, and what it entails, unlike secularism. Just remember one thing, a description of evil shouldn’t make you feel good about yourself, because we all commit evil acts. If your understanding of evil excludes anything you, personally, do, you need to rethink your definition, because there’s no one who doesn’t commit evil acts.
A good place to start understanding what is evil is what Catholics call the examination of conscience. It is a simple questionnaire a Catholic gives himself before Confession. It is essential to the sacrament so that the penitent doesn’t forget to mention some serious sin he has committed. An example can be found here.
Repentance of evil is critical to salvation. Recognition of evil is the key to repentance.